In the last decade of the nineteenth century, a group of people imbued with the Masonic ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity greatly influenced the political and economic organization of Latin American nations. Especially in Argentina they set an example of moral conduct in public office that inspired later generations.

The first Argentine Theosophical Lodge, named Luz (“Light”), was founded in Buenos Aires on January 7, 1893. Its first president was Antonia Martinez Royo. Meetings took place on Sunday afternoons and most of the members were well-known public persons: deputies, senators, writers, scientists, and teachers, among whom were Federico W. Fernandez, Alejandro Sorondo, Leopoldo Lugones, Alfredo B. Palacios, Joaquin V. Gonzalez, Jose Ingenieros, and Rodolfo Moreno, all famous in Argentine history. Subsequently, lodges were formed in neighboring countries: Uruguay, Chile, Paraguay and Brazil. As there were three lodges working in Buenos Aires when Henry S. Olcott visited that city in 1901, he suggested the foundation of a South American Section, with Luis Scheiner as his correspondent, although that Section did not come into being until 1930.

On July 6, 1919, representatives from eight Argentine Lodges, one from Uruguay, and one from Paraguay, representing 264 members, formed the Argentine Section of the Theosophical Society. The first General Secretary was Federico Valles Vargas, and the following General Secretaries succeeded him: Mario Martinez de Arroyo, Alfredo Escardo, Annie Mannie Gowland, Adrian Madril, Arturo Montesano Delchi, Carlos Stoppel, Honorio Folquer, Raul Wyngard, Jose Maria Olivares, Mariano Calvo, Enrique Gossweiler, Nazareno Rimini, Andrea Ponde, Luis Spairani, Manuel Farinish, Juan Vinas, Juan Cassibba, Juan Carlos Palmeri, Nora Spairani, Silvia Blajer, Jorge Cesano, Silvia Liliana Pastore, and Jorge Garcia.

Argentine journals by their years of initial publication have been 1895: Luz Astral; 1898: Philadelphia; 1905: La Verdad; 1912: La Estrella De Occidente; 1913: La Cruz Del Sur; 1917: Ondas Buddhicas; 1919: Teosofia En El Plata; 1944: Revista Teosofica Argentine; 1958: Teosofia; 1972: America Teosofica; 1981: Informativo Teosofico; 1990: Cambios. Since 1947, a Spanish translation of The Theosophist has been published and distributed to all Spanish-speaking countries. From 1947 to about 1966, almost all the articles published in The Theosophist were translated and republished in this Spanish-language journal.

This translation project was coordinated, and most of the translations made, by Mr. Salim Webber from the Lodge in Río Cuarto City. The magazines once published were delivered under subscription. Then in 2006 a project was accepted by the National Assembly for translating into Spanish The Theosophist and other English Theosophical literature. The Project started with Elaine Grassano and Alicia Salinas from Córdoba city translating the articles and making them available through the Argentine web page: www.sociedad-teosofica.com.ar.[1] Though the group of volunteers who are part of the project has varied in size over the years, it continues and is being improved little by little.

In 1954 there were 65 Lodges, 98 groups, and 1531 members. In 1992 there were 500 members, working in 28 Lodges in Argentina and one Lodge in Paraguay. Premises in the following cities belong to the Section: Buenos Aires, Rosaria, Cordoba, Mendoza, San Rafael, Carlos Paz, Mar del Plata, Rio Cuarto, San Lorenzo, and La Plata. The General Secretary and the National Council work in Buenos Aires. The National Journal Cambios is published quarterly and is sent to members, public libraries, schools, and universities. The Department of Information, in the city of Rosario, prepares slides, audio-visuals, and videos for rent and distribution among Lodges and for the public. Workshops and training courses are held all over the country to train members in group work, lecturing, study techniques, and research. In 1985 the Theosophical Society took part in an Educational Congress organized by the Argentine National Government, presenting a project on education based on Theosophical principles.

Since 1990, an annual international book fair is held in Buenos Aires. About a million people visit this fair, which provides an opportunity to sell books, distribute leaflets, and present programs. More recently, similar activities have been started in towns inland. A summer school is held for a fortnight every year, and a winter school for a week. These are usually conducted at the Theosophical Center in San Rafael, Mendoza in west Argentina. National gatherings are held in various parts of the country all year long. Radio programs are broadcast in several cities. The Argentine Printing Press, founded in 1953, has published dozens of Theosophical books in Spanish and distributed them to other Spanish-speaking countries.

Young people have taken an active part in the Argentine Section from an early time. In 1962 an Argentine Federation for them was formed, and in 1973 an Inter-American Federation was founded and was active for several years. The main characteristic of this youth movement is that it is not separate from the Section’s activities but participates actively in everything carried on by the national organization. A Round Table was founded in 1905 and is still working in several cities. The Theosophical Order of Service has also been working in Argentina for a long time.

The South American Federation, which functioned between 1930 and 1962, held its first congress in Argentina in April 1930. The idea of a federation that included the whole of the American continent was cherished by Argentine members. Juan Vinas, a well-known lecturer, started traveling through various countries in order to strengthen the links between them. Finally, when the Inter-American Federation was formed in 1972, Luis Spairani, from Argentina, was elected as its first president. He gave the Federation a strong impulse which set the direction of the work in the years to come.

Nora Spairani

Maria Rosa Martinez Garcia

External links: www.sociedad-teosofica.com.ar.[[2]]

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